The data set is the original repeated GPS observation data along Paizhen - Motuo active deformation Himalayan orogenic belt in Southeast Tibetan Plateau. The data are measured in 2021, including the data of 18 stations, and the data quality is good. Through the observation data of these observation points, we can reveal the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of the northward converging strain of the Indian continent in the key parts of the Himalayan orogenic belt. And we can understand the current uplift state of the Himalayan orogenic belt and its correlation with horizontal movement, and combine with the active faults. Based on the theory of motion dislocation, the quantitative distribution of strain between earthquakes could be studied, as well as the strain accumulation characteristics, fault locking range and fault locking level between earthquakes, which provide important constraints for evaluating the seismic risk of active faults in the study area.
HE Jiankun
The data of Cenozoic plant macrofossils on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau includes leaves, seeds and fruits. It includes Latin and Chinese names of families, genera and species, times, places of origin, morphological descriptions, discussions, specimens and references. The species names are assigned according to the original literature. For fossil records revised by later research, the revised records were chosen; The age of the origin (fossil site) is assigned according to the latest literature. The terms and description paradigm of leaf shape description are referred to the book "Leaf Structure Manual"; The length, angle, and other measurement data in the description are derived from the original literature. The fossil records of the document are sorted alphabetically by Latin initials of families and genera. The data can provide important clues for studying the coupling relationship between the environmental climate changed and the evolution of vegetation and plant diversity in the Cenozoic Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.
ZHOU Zhekun , LIU Jia , CHEN Linlin , ROBERT Spicer , LI Shufeng , HUANG Jian , ZHANG Shitao , HUANG Yongjiang , JIA Linbo , HU Jinjin , SU Tao
Through the joint inversion of seismic waveforms and InSAR coseismic displacement data, our study revealed the spatiotemporal and spatial source rupture processprocesses of the two strong earthquakes that occurred in struck the eastern Tibetan Plateau atin May 2021. The results show that the Yangbi earthquake, which occurred in along the southeastern margin of the TibetTibetan Plateau, was a Mw6.1 event with characterized by unilateral right-dextral strike-slip rupture and 8s an 8 s duration. The In addition, the Maduo earthquake, which occurred in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, was a Mw7.5 event with characterized by left-sinistral lateral-strike- slip extendedextending along both sides of the earthquake seismogenic fault and 36sa 36 s duration. The rupture properties of these two strong earthquakes reflect the deformation characteristics of different parts of the eastern Tibetan Plateau,. and also These events also caused the increase of the Coulomb stress of the surrounding active faults to increase, so we should pay attention to the risk potential of future earthquakes should be evaluated.
WANG Weimin
The Cenozoic strata developed within and around the Tibetan Plateau, contain fruitful information on the tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate changes. It's very significant on revealing the history of the uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its relevant effects on the regional and even global environment and climate. This data set contains several well developed sections, which have been identified by the systematic geological survey. Depending on the tools (e.g. GPS, geological compass) in the fieldwork, we have finished the geological measurements and descriptions of these sections as well as the relevant geological maps. It includes a 90-m loess deposit of the Duikang section in the Linxia basin, several fluvial and lacustrine deposits (such as the 1890-m Dayu section in the Lunpola basin, the 300-m Shuanghe section in the Jianchuan basin, the 252-m Caijiachong section in the Qujing basin) and a 932-m saline lacustrine deposit with gypsolyte of the Jiangcheng section in the Simao basin. This data set provides a solid geological foundation for the following researches on stratigraphic chronology, tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and so forth.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, YAN Maodu, ZHANG Weilin, ZHANG Dawen
The Wuyu Basin is bounded by the Gangdese Mountains to the north and the Yarlung Tsangpo River to the south, and is a representative basin to study the Cenozoic tectonism of the southern Tibet. The sedimentary strata in the Wuyu Basin include the Paleocene-Eocene Linzizong Group volcanics and the Oligocene Rigongla Formation (Fm.) volcanics, the Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and Laiqing Fm. volcanics, the late Miocene-Pliocene Wuyu Fm., and the Pleistocene Dazi Fm. Five sandstone samples from the Mangxiang Fm., Wuyu Fm. and Dazi Fm. and one modern Wuyu reiver sand sample were collected for detrital zircon U-Pb dating using the LA-ICP-MS method. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the Mangxiang Fm. show a large cluster at 45-80 Ma; those in the Wuyu Fm. show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-70 Ma; those in the Dazi Fm. show three large clusters at 45-65 Ma, 105-150 Ma and 167-238 Ma; and those in modern Wuyu river show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-65 Ma (Figure 1). Late Cretaceous-early Eocene zircons in all samples are consistent with the most prominent stage of magmatism of the Gangdese Mountains; the 8-15 Ma zircons in the Wuyu Fm. and modern Wuyu river are consistent with the magmatism of the Laiqing Fm.; and the Triassic-Jurassic zircons in the Dazi Fm. are consistent with the magmatism of the central Lhasa terrane. The results of detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentary facies analyses in the Wuyu Basin indicate that the southern Tibetan Plateau suffered multi-stage tectonism-magmatism since the India-Asia collision: (1) Paleogene Linzizong Group-Rigongla Fm. volcanics; (2) tectonism-magmatism at ~15 Ma ended the lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and resulted in volcanism of the Laiqing Fm.; (3) tectonism at ~8 Ma resulted in the volcanic rocks of the Laiqing Fm. becoming one of the main provenances for the overlying Wuyu Fm.; (4) the Wuyu Basin formed braided river and received sediments from the central Lhasa terrane to its north at ~2.5 Ma. The geomorphic pattern of the southern Tibet has gradually formed since the Quaternary.
MENG Qingquan MENG Qingquan
(1) The data content is the stress monitoring data of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, including the stress data of the automatic monitoring of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, which has certain guiding significance for the stability of the slope of zhala hydropower station and can provide data support for disaster prevention and reduction of zhala hydropower station; (2) The data comes from the automatic transmission of automatic monitoring equipment, and is automatically interpreted and processed by the software of monitoring and early warning platform to finally generate the data in Excel; (3) The data transmission is stable and the quality is high, which can provide a basis for the slope stability of zhala hydropower station; (4) The data can reflect the stress variation of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, and has a wide application prospect.
XU Kunzhen
(1) The data content is the deep displacement monitoring data of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, including the deep displacement data of the automatic monitoring of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, which has certain guiding significance for the stability of the slope of zhala hydropower station and can provide data support for disaster prevention and reduction of zhala hydropower station; (2) The data comes from the automatic transmission of automatic monitoring equipment, and is automatically interpreted and processed by the software of monitoring and early warning platform to finally generate the data in Excel; (3) The data transmission is stable and the quality is high, which can provide a basis for the slope stability of zhala hydropower station; (4) The data can reflect the deep displacement change of the high slope of zhala hydropower station, and has a wide application prospect.
XU Kunzhen
(1) Data content: This data set is based on the Xiaguiwa landslide in the Sanjiang basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reconstructing the bedding slope of the Xiaguiwa landslide; the bedding slope of the Xiaguiwa landslide is used as a reference for shaking table model tests, which is used to design the shaking table model test model and sensor layout diagram for the bedding rock slope, with a weak rock layer in the model slope, and the sensors deployed are acceleration sensors and velocity sensors, and the measured (2) Data source and processing method: The data set is drawn by Guo Mingzhu of Beijing University of Technology using CAD software. (3) The data provide reference for the subsequent shaking table model test implementation.
GUO Mingzhu
(1) Data content: This data set is based on the Xuelongnang landslide in the Sanjiang basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and reconstructs the counter-bedding slope before the slide; the counter-bedding slope before the slide is used as a reference for the shaking table model test, which is used to design the shaking table model test model and the sensor layout diagram for the counter-bedding rock slope, and a special joint is set in the model slope, and the deployed sensors are the acceleration sensors and the velocity sensors. (2) Data source and processing method: The data set is drawn by Guo Mingzhu of Beijing University of Technology using CAD software. (3) The data provide reference for the subsequent shaking table model test implementation.
GUO Mingzhu
The Paleogene marine strata in southern Tibet are well developed and rich in foraminifera and other marine fossils. Based on the study of macroforaminifera taxonomy and Stratigraphy in the West Tethys domain (mainly the Mediterranean region), western scholars established the Paleocene Eocene macroforaminifera biostratigraphy in 1998. Compared with Tibet in the East Tethys domain, the development of macroforaminifera in the Paleocene in the Mediterranean region is relatively poor. Therefore, the accuracy of biostratigraphy based on sittis foraminifera is low. In this study, detailed profile survey and high-density sample collection of lower Paleogene carbonate sedimentary strata in guru area, southern Tibet are carried out to supplement and improve the biostratigraphy of macroforaminifera in southern Tibet on the basis of macroforaminiferal taxonomy research; Based on biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy, a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework is established. A total of 7 profiles were measured in this study, and the profiles are located between 89 ° 11 ′ ~ 89 ° 13 ′ E and 28 ° 3 ′ ~ 28 ° 7 ′ n; The elevation range is 4643 ~ 5380 M. Based on the observation of rock slices in the laboratory, the age of the measured strata is preliminarily judged. P2 section is a limestone sequence overlying the late Cretaceous strata, representing the earliest Paleocene sedimentation in the study area; P1 section is a set of very thick limestone deposits of lower Paleocene; Section E2 is the top of Paleocene, close to the Paleocene / Eocene boundary; The ages of sections E1, E3, E3s and E4 are roughly early Eocene; The grayish green marl and red shale at the top of section E4 represent the latest marine strata in the study area. We plan to conduct detailed taxonomic and stratigraphic studies on foraminifera in these sections to establish high-resolution large foraminifera biostratigraphy; At the same time, we also need to analyze the changes in composition and abundance of macroforaminifera, and further explore the evolution process of macroforaminifera in early Paleogene. For the sandstone strata in the section, we need to conduct detrital zircon U-Pb isotope analysis, the obtained age and biostratigraphic data confirm each other, and further explore the paleogeographic evolution process under the influence of India Eurasia collision.
ZHANG Qinghai
On the basis of field scientific research, this parameter set integrates the parameters of debris flow disaster chain and landslide disaster chain observed along important roads in Himalayan and Hengduan Mountains. The regional scope covers Nyingchi, Shannan, Bomi, Basu, Shigatse, Ali and other regions of the Tibet Autonomous Region, as well as the East Asia rift valley of the China India channel. The source and mode of data production are processed according to the original data obtained from field scientific investigation. This parameter set is mainly based on the field investigation to determine the location and type of disaster and disaster chain, the damage of major highway projects and other information, and then sorted into tables and shp files. It is hoped that this data can provide help for disaster prevention and reduction of road projects in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
DENG Hongyan
On the basis of satellite image recognition, this data set catalogues and photographs the debris flow disaster chain and landslide disaster chain observed in the Himalayas and its surrounding areas; And fill in the data form, scientific examination log file and distribution map. Discipline scope of this data set: information and system science related engineering and technology - > systematic application of information technology - > geographic information system. This data mainly determines the location and type of disaster and disaster chain through field investigation, and then arranges it into tables and generates original data such as vector data and scientific research logs. The field scientific research areas include Nyingchi, Shannan, Bomi, Basu, Shigatse, Ali and other areas of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the South-North rift areas such as Yadong, Nyalam, Chentang village, Jilong and Pulan of the South Asia channel.
DENG Hongyan
The three-dimensional model obtained by three-dimensional inversion processing of MT data completed in Qulong mining area and the inversion of MT full impedance data show the shallow three-dimensional electrical structure characteristics of 5km with strong anisotropy. The isosurface of high resistivity body in Qulong mining area shows that the high resistivity anomaly with resistivity greater than 200 Ω• m mainly reflects the distribution of intermediate acid intrusive rocks, and the low resistivity anomaly less than 200 Ω • m mainly reflects the distribution characteristics of Quaternary sedimentary strata, rhyolite and tuff of Yeba formation. Based on the resistivity structure in Qulong ore concentration area, combined with some drilling data and physical property data collected, a three-dimensional geophysical model of Qulong ore concentration area is constructed by using GOCAD software. Compared with the three-dimensional model star of Jiama ore concentration area, due to the limitation of data, the three-dimensional geophysical model of Qulong ore concentration area is slightly worse. But it is also the only three-dimensional geophysical model provided so far. The model is helpful to the development and utilization of Qulong ore concentration area.
HE Rizheng
At present, dense short-period seismic observation has become a passive source seismic observation method with fast and high-density spatial sampling, which can obtain the characteristics of velocity and interface structure under the ore concentration area. Pds-2 short period seismograph (dominant frequency: 1-2HZ) is used for multiple times. The observation is arranged inside and around the ore concentration area. The station spacing is 100m-200m-500m-1000m. The observation lasts for about 2 months. The utilization rate is 100sps or 200sps, and continuous records are made. The data format is minified, and the length of the data file is 1 hour; Pds-2 short period seismograph is powered by built-in lithium battery, which needs to work in the way of manual alternative layout. The overall layout is divided into three times, which are from June 2019 to July 2019, from September 2019 to November 2019 and from August 2020 to September 2020. The amount of data collected is about 800g, and the data completeness reaches 86%.
HE Rizheng
In this study, passive source seismology is used to systematically detect the metallogenic background of the ore concentration area. Therefore, 20 broadband seismic observation points are arranged in Jiama Qulong ore concentration area. The observation period is more than 12 months. The wide-band seismograph arranged in a plane is the integrated wide-band seismograph of nanomatrics horizon in Canada and cmg-3tde in the UK. The data format is minified. Before the actual field data acquisition, the seismometer, digital collector, GPS antenna and continuous power supply system used in the field data acquisition were tested before construction in Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, so as to ensure that the instrument can work normally in the field work. Most of the stations are located where the environmental interference is as small as possible to minimize the signal interference caused by human or other natural vibrations. However, due to the observation in the ore concentration area, some observation points cannot be avoided. Considering that the work area is located in Tibet, China, with strong light and large interference, in order to ensure high-quality and continuous waveform records on the basis of reducing instrument risks, we adopted the method of digging a pit to build a platform foundation, and established a platform foundation with unified specifications for each instrument. First, dig a large pit with a diameter of 80-90 cm and a depth of about 80 cm at the location where the station is to be arranged. Before digging the pit, ensure that the underground soil is the original soil rather than backfill. When digging the pit, it is best to dig the bedrock. Secondly, after the pit is excavated, arrange a prefabricated cement pier with a thickness of about 20cm and a diameter of about 30cm, then prepare a large plastic bucket with a volume of 200 L, dig holes at the bottom of the bucket, insert the bucket bottom after digging into the cement pier to the greatest extent, and then tamp it with cement or in-situ soil around the cement pier, And punch holes at the appropriate position where the barrel top is higher than the ground as the cable inlet and outlet. When the seismometer is put into the big bucket, a small bucket shall be buckled upside down on the seismometer to ensure that the seismometer is isolated from the small bucket. Finally, fill the inverted bucket and the upright bucket with high-strength sponge, stubborn. There are two advantages: first, it can isolate the seismometer and ensure the stability of internal temperature and pressure conditions; Second, it can ensure the stability of the environment in the barrel and reduce the background noise. Before installing the seismometer, the surface of the cement pier shall be dried first to ensure good contact between the supporting foot of the seismometer and the installation surface. Then use the geological compass for accurate orientation, mark the cement surface with plastic ruler, marker pen and other tools, and draw the pointing line. The pointing line should preferably pass through the center where the seismometer will be placed. After determining the orientation, place the seismometer on the drawn azimuth scale line, and rotate the seismometer to make the copper pointer at the bottom consistent with the pointing line (the copper pointer points to the East). It should be noted that the compass is easily affected by ferromagnetic objects during orientation. Therefore, the compass should be slightly away from sensors, iron tools, etc. Thirdly, connect the corresponding wire to the seismometer and wrap it around the instrument on the cement surface for several weeks. Finally, adjust the sensor foot screws to make the bubbles center and lock the screws. The broadband mobile seismic station observation adopts the continuous waveform recording method for data acquisition, the sampling rate is 100sps, and the GPS continuous signal receiving method is used for positioning, timing and clock calibration.
HE Rizheng
Tiegelongnan deposit is a large porphyry epithermal copper (gold) deposit in duolong porphyry area in the south of Qiangtang terrane in central and Western Tibet, China. The deposit is centered on the multi-stage granodiorite porphyry (GP) intrusion invading Jurassic sandstone. Phase 1 and phase 2 GP are related to biotite and sericite alteration, while phase 3 and phase 4 GP occur in the middle and shallow part of the deposit affected by sericite and high-grade argillaceous alteration (alunite kaolinite dickite pyrophyllite). Sericite alteration generally exists in the deep part of the deposit, replacing biotite alteration, and occurs porphyry chalcopyrite boron nickel pyrite ± molybdenite mineralization. The high-grade argillaceous alteration is related to the mineralization of high sulfide (marmatite, marmatite, bornite and monzonite) in the epithermal stage, superimposing sericite and biotite alteration in the shallow part of the deposit. The top of tielongnan hydrothermal system is weathered with a layer of supergene oxidation enrichment zone, which is stripped and covered by andesite and gravel. The 40Ar-39Ar age of Muscovite sampled from deep sericite alteration is 120.9 ± 0.8 Ma, which is consistent with the previously reported 40Ar-39Ar age of hydrothermal biotite 121.1 ± 0.6 Ma, molybdenite Re Os ages 121.2 ± 0.6 Ma and 119.0 ± 1.4 Ma, and GP 1 and 2 zircon U-Pb ages 121.5 ± 1.5, 120.2 ± 1.0 MA (laicp-ms results) and 118.7 ± 0.9 MA (SIMS results). The ca-id-tims zircon U-Pb age from stage 3 GP 3 is 119.9 ± 0.2 mA, which limits the age of porphyry magmatic hydrothermal events. The porphyry system was subsequently exfoliated, weathered and superimposed by discrete stages of high-grade argillaceous alteration and high sulfide mineralization. The 40Ar-39Ar ages generated by the two pulses of alunite event are 116.3 ± 0.8 Ma and 111.7 ± 1.0 Ma, respectively, representing the main epithermal alteration and mineralization ages in tielongnan. The first alunite pulse age is consistent with the younger porphyry (gp4) age of 116.2 ± 0.4 MA (zircon LA-ICP-MS age). The weathering and exhumation of porphyry epithermal deposits continued until ~ 110 Ma, and the andesite and andesite were covered with gravel. Andesite is affected by younger weak hydrothermal alteration at 108.7 ± 0.7 Ma, which is limited by the 40Ar-39Ar age of muscovite. The 40Ar-39Ar age of another barren alunite is 100.6 ± 2.0 Ma, which may represent the youngest hydrothermal event. The long-lived exothermic fluid activity of tielongnan deposit in ~ 120 ~ 100mA is consistent with the long-term tectonic magmatic event of Bangong Nujiang suture zone. The discrete epithermal metallogenic events in tiegelongan are younger than those in porphyry, which is similar to several other epithermal deposits in the world. The ~ 10 m.y exhumation history of tiegelongan is slower than the typical and rapid erosion history of ~ 1 – 2 m.y. porphyry deposits in low altitude tropical climate, and during a specific sudden uplift pulse in the Andes. The slow exhumation of tielongnan is considered to be the comprehensive result of the Cretaceous arid climate environment, relatively flat terrain and slow uplift conditions in central and Western Tibet. The experiment was entrusted to the inert gas Laboratory of the Pacific isotope and geochemistry research center of Columbia University, Canada; The data quality is good. The sample is crushed in the ring mill, washed with distilled water and ethanol, dried to - 40 + 60 mesh and sieved. Select suitable mineral particles from the bulk part. The samples were wrapped in aluminum foil and stacked in the irradiation chamber together with similar aged samples and neutron flux monitors (fish Canyon tuff Sani DIN (FCS), 28.201 ± 0.046ma). These samples were irradiated at the McMaster nuclear reactor in Hamilton, Ontario, in July 2017 at 134 MWh of the flux point in 8e. The J value error generated by the analysis of 16 neutron flux monitor positions (n = 54) is less than 0.5%.
YANG Chao , WANG Liqiang
Pusangguo is a high-grade copper polymetallic deposit dominated by skarn. It is the only large copper lead zinc cobalt nickel deposit in the Gangdise metallogenic belt (GMB); There are few records of magmatic rocks related to the deposit, and its petrogenesis and geodynamic background are not clear. In order to explore these problems, we provided zircon u – Pb ages, Hf isotope, whole rock geochemistry and Sr – nd – Pb isotope data of Busan fruit biotite granodiorite (PBG) and Busan fruit diorite porphyrite (PDP) in the deposit. Entrusted the analysis and testing center of Beijing Institute of geology of nuclear industry and the State Key Laboratory of geological process and mineral resources of China University of Geosciences (Beijing); The fresh rock samples were ground to 200 mesh without pollution for analyzing the main and trace elements and Sr nd Pb isotopic values of the whole rock. Zircon U-Pb Dating: Zircon was glued to the slide with double-sided adhesive, covered with PVC ring, and then epoxy resin and curing agent were fully mixed and injected into the PVC ring. After the resin is completely cured, the sample target is stripped from the glass slide, ground and polished, and then the sample on the target is photographed by reflected light and transmitted light under microscope and cathode fluorescence photography. According to the cathodoluminescence, reflected light and transmitted light photos of zircon, the appropriate (interested) zircon dating domain is selected. The data results are good.
LI Zhuang , WANG Liqiang
The amount of new copper predicted potential mineral resources in Jiama mining area consists of three parts: 1) the amount of new copper predicted potential mineral resources in skarn main ore body; 2) Copper in the mogulang anomaly area predicts the amount of potential mineral resources; 3) Copper in xiangbeishan anomaly area predicts the amount of potential mineral resources. The predicted resources of skarn type main ore body are mainly based on the original 334 level resources formed by extrapolation of the ore body controlled by drilling engineering. The data such as small weight and copper grade (0.72%) used in the estimation of ore body resources are consistent with the relevant ore characteristics of skarn type main ore body, and the estimation result is 1.99 million tons. The mogulang anomaly area is mainly the prospecting target area delineated by 1 ∶ 10000 rock geochemical survey in the northeast of the ore body. The target area is about 3km2. The element combination in the target area is cu-mo-w-bi-ag. The element anomaly is well combined and the content of Cu element is high. The estimated volume of porphyry copper mineralized body is 112922473.2m3, the standard of porphyry ore is 2.341t/m3, and the estimated ore volume is 264351509.8 tons. The average grade of copper in mineralized body is calculated as 0.3% of the average grade of Jiama porphyry ore body. It is calculated that the predicted potential mineral resources of copper in mogulang target area is 793000 tons. Xiangbeishan anomaly area is mainly the prospecting target area delineated by 1 ∶ 10000 rock geochemical survey in the South and west of the main ore body. The target area is about 2km2, the internal element combination is cu-mo-w-bi-ag, the element anomaly is well nested, the Cu element content is high, the estimated porphyry copper mineralization volume is 329733308.3m3, and the ore weight is small. The standard of porphyry ore is 2.341t/m3, The estimated ore volume is 771905674.8 tons. The average grade of copper in mineralized body is calculated as 0.3% of the average grade of Jiama porphyry ore body. It is calculated that the predicted amount of potential mineral resources of copper in mogulang target area is 2.316 million tons. The total estimated resources of three different ore (chemical) sections are 199 + 79.3 + 231.6 = 5.099 million tons. The quality of data results is good, and the goal of submitting the prediction of potential mineral resources of new copper is 5 million tons.
WANG Liqiang
Tiegelongnan porphyry epithermal copper (gold) deposit is located in duolong porphyry area north of Bangong Nujiang suture zone, Tibet, China. The mineralization is mainly composed of several stages of Jurassic sedimentary sandstone and diorite and granodiorite porphyry dyke, with intrusion time ranging from 123 to 116 ma. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by alunite kaolinite dickite superimposed quartz Muscovite pyrite and biotite alteration zones. Porphyry chalcopyrite pyrite ± molybdenite (phase 1) mineralization is related to biotite alteration. The mineralization of porphyry chalcopyrite bornite (stage 2) and glauconite (stage 3) is related to quartz Muscovite pyrite alteration formed at about 121 ma. It is composed of albite porphyry (Ma-5) and chalcopyrite (Ma-5) and hydrothermal porphyry (ma-6) and chalcopyrite (ma-6) in the stage of mineralization. Fluid composition is related to Muscovite, average δ 18O is 8.9 ‰, δ D is − 56 ‰, indicating the source of magmatic water. Fluid in equilibrium with quartz vein δ 18O composition decreased from 6.7 ‰ to 2.3 ‰, which may be the result of water rock isotope exchange. Quartz fluid inclusion δ D values ranging from − 50 to − 84 ‰ are partially lower than those obtained in Muscovite alteration fluid, which may be the result of H fractionation during fluid inclusion fracture. Fluid composition balance and alunite yield in hyperthermic stage δ 18O − 1.2 to 2.7 ‰, δ D − 71 to − 51 ‰, n = 11, and δ 18O is between − 2.5 and 2.9 ‰, δ D is between − 72 and − 51 ‰ This shows that alunite and type I kaolinite are formed by the mixing of magma and high-altitude Cretaceous atmospheric precipitation. Late type II and type II III kaolinite (filled with alunite and quartz vein) fluid δ 18O and δ The D value is plotted along the mixing line between magma and low altitude Cretaceous atmospheric precipitation, which may be after erosion and plateau subsidence. Porphyry mineralized sulfide phase 1 chalcopyrite and pyrite δ 34S value is between − 5.8 and 0.9 ‰, and the average fluid δ 34sh2s = − 2.5 ‰ (n = 10), while chalcopyrite in stage 2 ranges from − 8.7 to − 3 ‰, with an average of δ 34SH2S=−5.6‰（n=5）。 Sulfide phase 2 fluid δ 34sh2s value is lower than stage 1, indicating that chalcopyrite bornite mineralization was formed under higher oxidation conditions than chalcopyrite pyrite mineralization. Alunite δ The 34S value is between 11 and 18.3 ‰ (n = 8), and the associated sulfide is grade 4 pyrite δ 34S values range from − 32.2 to 5.4 ‰. The S isotope imbalance in alunite pyrite pairs may be due to the rapid cooling and retrograde S isotope exchange during the late sulfide emplacement. Epithermally mineralized sulfide stage 4 s equilibrium pyrite (− 14.9 to − 9.5 ‰), stage 5 chalcopyrite (− 11.6 to − 8.2 ‰) and stage 6 (− 5.4 to − 2.6 ‰) show δ The increase of 34S value indicates that the composition of epithermal fluid evolves to more reduction conditions. The experiment was entrusted to the Queen's isotope research center of Queen's University of Canada and the microanalysis Laboratory of Memorial University of Canada. The experimental data are of good quality. Representative core samples were collected from the East-West section and several other boreholes. Separate biotite (n = 1), white mica (n = 5), quartz (n = 13), alunite (n = 10) and kaolinite (n = 12) for O and H isotopic analysis, and separate alunite (n = 10), pyrite (n = 5) and chalcopyrite (n = 4) for S isotopic analysis of conventional minerals; Eight polished slices were prepared for in-situ sulfur isotope analysis of pyrite (n = 16) and chalcopyrite (n = 10).
YANG Chao , WANG Liqiang
Demingding is a less studied post collisional porphyry copper molybdenum deposit, which is located in the east of Gangdise porphyry copper belt. This paper provides LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock geochemistry and zircon trace element data of biotite porphyry in Deming top. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the weighted average 206 Pb / 238 u age of Miocene biotite porphyry is 20.36 ± 0.46ma (mswd = 2.6, n = 21). Miocene biotite porphyry has high SiO_ 2、K_ 2O and Al_ 2O_ 3, and shows characteristics similar to adakite. These rocks have high Sr / y ratio and fractionated REE mode with low hree abundance. Compared with HFSE, they are enriched in lile with (87 Sr / 86 SR) I value of 0.7059 ~ 0.7062, ε Nd (T) value is − 2.35 ~ − 1.67, and (- 206 Pb / 204 Pb) I value is 18.50 ~ 18.55. These characteristics are similar to other Miocene adakitic intrusive rocks in the Gangdise belt. We believe that biotite porphyry has the same petrogenesis as other Miocene ore bearing intrusive rocks in the eastern Gangdise belt. Its genesis comes from the mixing of subduction transformation, remelting of metamorphic lower crust of Tibet and hydrated mafic magma metasomatizing the mantle of Tibet. Zircon in biotite porphyry has only very small negative Eu anomaly (Eun / Eun * > 0.3), with large Ce ~ (4 +) / Ce ~ (3 +) ratio (average 113), 10000 ~ * (Eun / Eun *) / Y (3.94 ~ 8.14 > 1), CE / Nd (9-58, average 30), (CE / nd) / Y (0.008 ~ 0.127 > 0.003), dy / Yb (0.15-0.24, < 1); 0.3), indicating that biotite porphyry has relative hydration and oxidation. Therefore, biotite porphyry is considered to be a relatively enriched intrusion with certain exploration potential. Data source: entrusted the Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of geological process and mineral resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing). The data results are good.
ZHANG Zebin , WANG Liqiang
Based on the sorting of previous data and the re interpretation of geophysical data, this study identifies the concealed plutonic intrusion with the characteristics of deep rock mass, extracts the ring structure from high-precision remote sensing images, and reconstructs the regional formation model of duolong ore concentration. Since the late Jurassic, under the early arc magmatism in the southern margin of Qiangtang, arc magmatism began to occur in the duolong ore concentration area, forming OIB type basic intrusive rocks, and the deep rock mass was formed in the upper part of the crust. The continuous upward intrusion of magma led to the uplift of tiegeshan area and Jiushan area, accompanied by the formation of surface magma and the uplift of Jiushan area. With the continuous emplacement of magma, the surface brittle rocks break and form a series of ring structures around the deep body and radial structures around the intrusion center. The intersection part forms a stress weak zone, which provides spatial initial conditions for the later shallow spot magmatic position and mineralization. The geophysical and geochemical exploration contents involved in this paper are completed by the geological team, and the geophysical and geochemical data are completed by the geological team. The completion degree of the work is high and the data quality is good. It is submitted to the deep prospecting target area of duolong ore concentration area.
WANG Liqiang , SONG Yang
Carry out geophysical logging for scientific research deep drilling jmkz-1 in Jiama mining area, find out the physical properties of the main geological bodies in the mining area, divide the lithologic interface according to the logging curve, determine the depth and thickness of the ore (chemical) body, and interpret the distribution characteristics of the strata, rock bodies, ore (chemical) bodies and structures closely related to mineralization in depth in combination with the ground geophysical exploration data. The variation law of formation temperature in the whole hole section is statistically analyzed by using well temperature logging data.Geophysical logging is carried out below 1080m without casing in scientific research deep drilling jmkz-1. The logging parameters include three lateral resistivity, polarizability, magnetic susceptibility, natural gamma, natural potential and well temperature. Through the combination of various parameters, the physical properties of the main geological bodies in the mining area are basically found out, the depth and thickness of the ore (chemical) body are determined, and the variation law of formation temperature in the whole hole section is statistically analyzed by using well temperature logging data. From the whole hole section, the lithology changes from bottom to top from granite porphyry skarn silicified breccia, and the ore bearing property changes from local weak mineralization of granite porphyry in the lower part to giant thick skarn type ore body to local breccia type ore body in the upper part. This change characteristic reflects that in the process of emplacement of ore bearing porphyry from deep to upward, porphyry ore body or mineralized body is formed in deep porphyry mineralization, and skarn type extremely thick rich ore body is formed on the contact surface with hornrock. In the process of emplacement, squeezing rock stratum leads to fracture development in hornrock, and ore bearing hydrothermal fluid moves along the fracture to form local hornrock type ore body in hornrock.
HE Rizheng
Combining the revealed shallow geological and deep geophysical data in three-dimensional space for deep prediction can not only deepen the shallow understanding, but also reduce the problems caused by the multi solution of geophysics. It has become a new trend and important means of deep metallogenic prediction Taking the Wandongshan ore section of Beiya gold deposit as an example, the three-dimensional geological model of Wandongshan ore section is established in the three-dimensional modeling platform by collecting the data of drilling, exploration line section, geochemical exploration and geophysics; Based on the modeling results and integrating the surface, shallow and deep gravity data, the metallogenic geological conditions and deep metallogenic potential are studied and analyzed. Three metallogenic favorable elements of concealed fault, porphyry body and qingtianbao formation sandstone are selected, and the three-dimensional body model of metallogenic favorable area (sgrid) is established accordingly On this basis, the multi-source information synthesis method is adopted to collect the favorable metallogenic areas of three metallogenic control elements, and the deep target area within 1100 ~ 900 m above sea level in Wandongshan ore section is delineated, which provides a reference for the prediction of the deep target area of the surrounding same type of ore section
ZHOU Fang , WANG Liqiang
This subject takes the porphyry skarn epithermal copper polymetallic deposit in the important metallogenic belt of Tibet as the research object, and comprehensively investigates and studies the development characteristics of its deep magma, structure, fluid alteration and mineralization system based on the preliminary exploration and research results of important ore (concentration) areas, so as to effectively dissect the metallogenic system structure of key mining areas. This paper focuses on the fine anatomy of the coupling relationship between the ore controlling structure of duolong porphyry epithermal copper gold deposit and the magmatic mineralization alteration system formed from the late stage of ocean crust subduction to the stage of continental soft collision; At the same time, the formation, transformation and preservation mechanism of its metallogenic system are comprehensively studied to form a prospecting prediction demonstration. This paper dissects the three-dimensional structure of Beiya porphyry copper gold metallogenic system formed in the transformation stage of India Eurasia collision strike slip structure, so as to accurately grasp its metallogenic process and effectively realize the positioning prediction of deep ore bodies. The magma, hydrothermal evolution fluid migration metal precipitation mechanism and ore-forming fluid migration process of Jiama porphyry metallogenic system are dissected by means of traditional deposit science and non-traditional potassium and magnesium isotopes, so as to establish the magmatic fluid evolution model of the deposit and realize the prospecting prediction. Finally, based on the exploration results of Jiama Qulong ore concentration area, junuo, Xiongcun ore concentration area, zhaxikang cuonadong ore concentration area and duolong ore concentration area, the effective exploration technology and method combination of the metallogenic system of each key ore (concentration) area is integrated and formed into a demonstration.
WANG Liqiang
Based on the systematic study of deposit alteration, geological characteristics of mineralization, diagenetic and metallogenic age, source of diagenetic and metallogenic minerals, metallogenic background, geophysical survey and hyperspectral survey, a comprehensive exploration model of tiegelongnan, Jiama, Beiya, junuo and Zaxikang cuonadong deposits is established. The data involved in the geochemical model are completed by laboratories recognized in the industry, Geophysical and short wave infrared data are all completed by the entrusted geological team. The work completion degree is high and the data quality is good. The established deposit exploration model can better guide the future prospecting and exploration work, provide a theoretical basis for prospecting and exploration, and has a good application prospect.
WANG Liqiang
The Jiama porphyry copper deposit in Tibet is one of the proven ultra-large-scale copper deposits in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at present, with the reserves of geological resources equivalent to nearly 20×106 t. However, it features wavy and steep terrain, leading to extremely difficult field operation and heavy interference. This study attempts to determine the effects of the tensor controlled-source audiomagnetotellurics (CSAMT) with high-power orthogonal signal sources (also referred to as the high-power tensor CSAMT) when it is applied to the deep geophysical exploration in plateaus with complex terrain and mining areas with strong interference. The test results show that the high current provided by the highpower tensor CSAMT not only greatly improved the signal-to-noise ratio but also guaranteed that effective signals were received in the case of a long transmitter-receiver distance. Meanwhile, the tensor data better described the anisotropy of deep geologic bodies. In addition, the tests also show that when the transmitting current reaches 60 A, it is still guaranteed that strong enough signals can be received in the case of the transmitter-receiver distance of about 25 km, sounding curves show no near field effect, and effective exploration depth can reach 3 km. The 2D inversion results are roughly consistent with drilling results, indicating that the high-power tensor CSAMT can be used to achieve nearly actual characteristics of underground electrical structures. Therefore, this method has great potential for application in deep geophysical exploration in plateaus and mining areas with complex terrain and strong interference, respectively. This study not only serves as important guidance on the prospecting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau but also can be used as positive references for deep mineral exploration in other areas.
HE Rizheng
The Jiama deposit in Tibet is a very typical polymetallic deposit in the Gangdise metallogenic belt. Through theoretical prediction and research, it is believed that concealed porphyry-skarn ore bodies are developed in the deep part of the ore concentration area. However, the exploration model based on the borehole coverage of the mining area has a low degree of prediction of the potential target area in the peripheral area. In this paper, based on the density, magnetic properties, resistivity, and polarizability data of 45 borehole cores in the Jiama deposit, we inverted and analyzed the three-dimensional magnetotelluric sounding data volume covering the Jiama deposit and its periphery. At the same time, based on the GOCAD software platform, through discrete smooth interpolation and stochastic simulation algorithms, we constructed the stratum lithology-geophysical three-dimensional visualization integrated model of the Jiama deposit. Combining the results of 2D geological interpretation of 13 magnetotelluric (MT) profiles, we have finely depicted the development characteristics of 3D skarn bodies below 3000m, and verified them with the Jiama Scientific Deep Drill JMKZ-1 well, which was not involved in the modeling, and the results show a consistency agreement. Besides, by combining the skarn metallogenic model, analyzing the characteristics of the electrical parameters of the Jiama deposit and adjacent areas, and combining the electrical characteristics of the three-dimensional skarn, we predict the favorable skarn metallogenic area and Target area. The results of this study provide a reference for the evaluation of deep resource potential and the goal of increasing reserves in the mining area.
HE Rizheng
Taking Jiama-Qulong ore concentration area as an example, a set of active and passive source electromagnetic / seismological joint survey technologies which is suitable for deep ore prospecting less than 3km deep is constructed. The detection results of active and passive electromagnetic sources have been verified by method of borehole physical properties, log data of Jiama 3km scientific drilling and tunnel IP anomaly. In addition, based on the preliminary verification of zegulang borehole physical properties within Jiama ore concentration area, Mogulang target area and one concealed ore body area are preliminarily proposed in this study. Using passive-source electromagnetic detection and high-frequency ambient noise surface-wave tomography of short-period dense array, it is revealed that there is a high-resistance and high-velocity anomaly body (temporarily defined as unravel porphyr deposite in Muchang area) exceeding the scale of geophysical anomaly of Jiama-Qulong ore concentration area. Combined with the results of other projects, Jiama and Qulong ore concentration areas and rock geophysical models, the unravel porphyr deposite in Muchang area has the characteristics of porphyry mineralization. Several high-conductor bodies are found under 5km deep between Qulong and Jiama and provide ore-forming material sources for the upper rock mass. Therefore, Jiama-Qulong ore concentration area has the potential conditions for a large resource base. Based on the comprehensive analysis of shallow and crustal S-wave velocity structure and receiver function obtained from passive source observation, the three large rock masses (Jiama, Muchang and Qulong) have common deep metallogenic background conditions. Taking N29.5 ° as the boundary, the crustal structure in the south is complex, which have characteristics as northward diping Moho, and obvious doublet Moho. And, the crust structure in the north is clearly simple, as relatively horizontal Moho. Due to strongly northward collision of Indian platin the south, the crustal structure changes obviously. There is an obvious interface below Moho in the northern region. Combined with the existing data, it is comprehensively speculated that the Jiama-Qulong ore concentration area locates in the key position of difference decoupling between the crust and lithospheric mantle and of Indian plat northward subducted beneath Gandese zone.
HE Rizheng
The study of magmatic mixing is of great significance to reveal the interaction between crust and mantle and to explore the process of diagenesis and mineralization. Jiama mining area is located in the eastern section of Gangdise metallogenic belt. It is a super large porphyry skarn type copper polymetallic deposit. Dark inclusions are widely developed in the medium acid magmatic rocks in the mining area. Detailed petrography, rock geochemistry, Sr Nd isotope geochemistry and U-Pb isotope geochronology are carried out for the diorite inclusions in the dark inclusions in order to find out the genesis of the rocks, It provides enlightenment for magmatic mixing and mineralization, and improves the Jiama diagenesis and mineralization model. The analysis and testing of major and trace elements in rocks were completed in Beijing Institute of geology of nuclear industry. Zircon U-Pb isotopic dating was completed in the deposit geochemical microanalysis room of the State Key Laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources of China University of Geosciences (Beijing). The laser denudation system used for isotopic dating is the geolas193 excimer solid injection system made in the United States, ICP-MS is a Thermo Fisher X Series II quadrupole plasma mass spectrometer produced in the United States. Good data quality.
ZHANG Zebin , WANG Liqiang
1) Data content: the data in this report is the EPMA data and calculation results of different types of biotite in Bangpu deposit, which is a systematic summary of the geochemical characteristics of biotite in porphyry metallogenic system. 2) After drilling, the sample is processed, and the source of the sample and the relevant data are calculated by combining the chemical probe and the experience. 3) Data quality review: the samples are collected according to typical samples, and the sample test refers to the laboratory analysis specifications and technical requirements. The data results are finally published in the form of papers and peer review. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the systematic summary of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of biotite in Bangpu mining area preliminarily reveals the exploration indication significance of biotite, which is helpful to finally construct the index mineral exploration evaluation model.
LIN Bin , TANG Pan
1) Data content: the data in this report is the electron probe data and calculation results of different types of pyrrhotite in Jiama mining area. It is a systematic summary of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of pyrrhotite in different output states of porphyry metallogenic system. 2) After drilling, the sample is processed, and the source of the sample and the relevant data are calculated by combining the chemical probe and the experience. 3) Data quality review: the samples are collected according to typical samples, and the sample test refers to the laboratory analysis specifications and technical requirements. The data results are finally published in the form of papers and peer review. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: a systematic summary of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of pyrrhotite in Jiama mining area, which preliminarily reveals the coupling relationship between pyrrhotite and gold mineralization and the significance of exploration indication, which is conducive to the final construction of the index mineral exploration and evaluation model.
LIN Bin , YANG Yang
1) Data content: the data in this report involves the structural anatomy of Jiama porphyry metallogenic system and the geological logging information of key boreholes, the detailed alteration and mineralization characteristics of each ore body, as well as the technical methods of scientific deep drilling and deep resource exploration. It is the summary and refinement of deep resource exploration technology and methods, and has passed the expert review and acceptance. 2) Data source and processing: among them, the geological information of construction boreholes is mainly from the detailed geological logging in the field. Accurate mineralization information of boreholes comes from basic rock analysis data. CSAMT data comes from the measured data of other topics. It refers to the laboratory analysis and detection of mineral sources. 3) Comment on data quality: among them, the geochemical analysis data of borehole rocks are subject to the quality inspection of internal and external inspection in the laboratory and meet the relevant technical requirements. Other indoor research data (EPMA data) strictly refer to the test requirements and specifications and meet the quality requirements. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the positioning and prediction method of deep resources in Jiama mining area can effectively predict deep high-grade resources. At the same time, it provides theoretical support for the breakthrough of deep and peripheral prospecting in the mining area and provides a reference basis for regional exploration and evaluation.
LIN Bin
1) Data content: the data in this report mainly includes the thermal infrared and short wave infrared spectrum data of typical boreholes in Jiama mining area. It is the systematic hyperspectral measurement data of the typical section of Jiama porphyry metallogenic system. 2) Data source and processing: the data source is the direct measurement of field front-line instruments. Among them, the short wave infrared spectrum data is measured by fieldspec4 spectrometer produced by American ASD company, and the thermal infrared spectrum is measured by American Agilent 4300 thermal infrared spectrometer. 3) Data quality review: among them, the spectral data measurement is carried out according to the design requirements, and the spectral geologist is adopted ™ (TSG spectral geology expert) analysis software combined with microscopic identification, analysis and processing. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the hyperspectral data of Jiama mining area is a systematic summary of the spectral data of Jiama thick and large skarn ore body, and a typical spectral exploration model is established, which is helpful to be applied to the exploration and evaluation of similar skarn deposits.
LIN Bin , DAI Jingjing
1) Data content: the geological, structural and alteration information of Jiama mining area is a map drawn based on the typical geological information exposed by the open pit in Jiama mining area. 2) Data source and processing: the geological data source is the field first-line geological mapping. The specific mapping content involves a variety of information, such as structural interpretation, alteration zoning, mineral zoning, fracture occurrence drawing and so on. Finally, it can well reveal the coupling relationship between alteration and mineralization of Jiama porphyry metallogenic system. 3) Data quality review: the data has been reviewed indoor and rearranged. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: Nankeng ore block reveals in detail the control mechanism of multi-stage fold deformation on skarn type alteration and mineralization in the sliding nappe structural system. The Qianshan ore block focuses on revealing the spatial distribution relationship of skarn at the contact boundary of different lithostratigraphic units and the control mechanism of fold deformation and rock mass emplacement.
LIN Bin , TANG Pan
1) Data content: the data in this report is the rock geochemical analysis data of Jiama 3000m scientific deep drilling (main quantity + micro quantity), which is the data disclosure of detailed mineralization information of 3000m scientific deep drilling. 2) Data source and processing: data source: direct sample collection, cutting, crushing and rough grinding of field drilling, and final analysis in the laboratory. 3) Data quality review: the sample collection fully meets the relevant technical requirements. The sample test refers to the national geochemical analysis specifications and technical requirements, passes the internal and external inspection, and the final report passes the expert review and acceptance. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the geochemical analysis data of Jiama mining area is a systematic summary of Jiama scientific deep drilling data, which is helpful to establish a typical geochemical exploration model.
LIN Bin
1) Data content: this data mainly refers to the 3000m scientific deep drilling construction in Jiama mining area, Tibet, involving various equipment and technical parameter information, including construction design, drilling structure, construction process, quality and safety assurance, etc. This data is the first field first-line data of 3000m scientific deep drilling for solid mineral exploration in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is the first-line data to summarize and improve the construction technology of scientific deep drilling in alpine and anoxic areas, and supports the implementation of other scientific deep drilling in deep exploration projects. 2) Data source and processing method: the data in this report is summarized and condensed under the close cooperation and discussion between the Institute of mineral resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the project leader, and the Third Geological Brigade of Shandong Geological and mineral exploration and Development Bureau, the implementation unit of deep drilling, combined with the actual geological conditions of Jiama mining area and the first-hand data in the actual construction process from 2019 to 2020. 3) Data quality review: the data in this report are all from the field front-line data, and have passed the review and acceptance of the project team and experts. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the achievements of Jiama scientific deep drilling construction technology are a fine summary of the first 3000m scientific deep drilling construction technology of solid minerals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and also a reference standard for the implementation of deep drilling in other deep projects. At the same time, it also provides solid technical support for subsequent deep resource exploration.
LIN Bin , TANG Juxing
The fossil records of large amphicyonids in Asia are rare and fragmentary, and their evolution and dispersal are also unclear. Here we present new dental material from Laogou, Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, belonging to the Hujialiang Formation, Middle Miocene. The new material is very similar to Amphicyon zhanxiangi from the Dingjia’ergou fauna of the Zhang’enbao Formation, Tongxin, Ningxia, and can be referred to this species. It is younger than the Tongxin material and differs from the latter by having better-distinguished cusps in upper molars, supporting this species is probably the ancestor to the omnivorous Arctamphicyon found in the Siwaliks, Yuanmou, and the Lower Irrawaddy. This lineage might immigrate to southern and southeastern Asia by the Late Miocene, and adapted to an increasing omnivorous diet due to more available plant material in tropical and subtropical regions.
QIGAO Jiangzuo
The Qaidam Basin is a key area for understanding the paleoenvironmental and faunal history of the Tibetan Plateau. The fossil schizothoracine fish, Hsianwenia wui, evolved extraordinarily thickened bones to adapt to the aridification of the Qaidam Basin during the Pliocene. However, the nature of the bone thickening itself remains elusive. To promote the further investigation of the physiological mechanism of the pachyostosis and the phylogenetic interrelationships of Hsianwenia and all relevant cyprinids, here we present a comprehensive morphological study of Hsianwenia. We have new information on the anterior part of the cranial cavity, a large supraneural 3 in the Weberian apparatus, numerous procurrent caudal fin rays supported by the preural centrum (Pu) 5, and a neural arch on Pu2. We also find the differentiated pattern of the bone-thickening: the pachyostosis exists in the endoskeleton but not in the dermal skeleton; it is more obvious in ventral bones than in dorsal ones, when the thickening is present in the dorsally and ventrally grouped endoskeletal bones (e.g., the epineural and epipleural intermuscular bones). Considering the integrity of musculoskeletal system manipulating the chewing activities, we suspect that the thickened pharyngeal jaws and the hard food processing might be associated with the unique hind protrusion (cleithral “humeral” process) of the dermal pectoral girdle of Hsianwenia.
WU Feixiang
The river steepness index, concavity index, drainage area, hypsometric integral, erosion coefficient, erosion rate, precipitation and other Geomorphological data of Qilian Shan basins are extracted and collected. Where the river steepness index and concavity index were extracted based on the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) 3 arc-seconds DEM data, the catchment erosion rate are from Palumbo et al. (2010) and Palumbo et al. (2011), and the precipitation data is from Geng et al. (2017). In order to increase the credibility of the data, the range of the river steepness index of each basin is given when the confidence is 95%. The data laid a foundation for the analysis of the relationship between the geomorphic characteristics and the tectonic framework of Qilian Shan.
HU Xiaofei, ZHANG Yanan
The data include the carbonate content, carbon isotope and oxygen isotope analysis results of inorganic carbonates of 79 samples from 850 m natural section of the middle late Eocene in the salkuli basin. The carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate in the sediments record the hydrological and vegetation information in the geological history, which is one of the main indicators of paleoenvironmental tracer research. After grinding and sieving, the carbon and oxygen isotope analysis is completed by the sample processing unit (carbonate device) and MAT252 isotope mass spectrometry online automatic online system. The analytical accuracy of the sample is: carbon isotope is better than ± 0.06 ‰, and oxygen isotope is better than ± 0.08 ‰. Through the analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope data of solkuli section, the evolution history of arid environment since Eocene can be reconstructed, and the paleoclimate effect of the Tibetan Plateau uplift and global climate change can be discussed.
SUN Jimin
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